Fiberglass is one of the strongest and most durable materials used in construction today. Fiberglass is comprised of many microscopic grains that are bonded together under high pressure and heat. When the fiberglass fibers are exposed to pressure and heat, they become soft and elastic. This allows the individual grains to cling together like glue when the material is placed or molded. In a multiaxial frame, a thick layer of fiberglass is combined with epoxy or other resin to provide mechanical strength and durability.
Fiberglass has excellent chemical and physical properties, making it ideal for a variety of applications. From its ability to conduct electricity to its strength and resistance to corrosion, fiberglass plays an important role in the mechanical design of many structures. Unfortunately, the material also results in significant drawbacks that limit its usefulness in certain applications. A multiaxial frame made from fiberglass is usually too brittle to use in place of concrete in structures that need to withstand heavy loads.
A second common drawback of using fiberglass in multiaxial frames is that it is not flexible at all. Unlike other materials, fiberglass is unable to conform to changes in direction. If the structure in question must be moved in a constant state of motion, such as launching a plane, it can prove extremely problematic. Even if the multiaxial structure is only slightly bent, the sheer amount of energy required to do so causes the entire structure to sag and buckle under strain.
A final disadvantage of using fiberglass in multiaxial designs is that its low mechanical strength limits the amount of force that can be applied to the structure. Fiberglass frames are typically not designed to take even the most extreme stresses placed on them. This stiffness also makes it difficult to achieve design goals, such as having the multiaxial structure move in certain ways. In order to overcome these weaknesses, designers often use steel as a structural base for the multiaxial structure. Steel's strength and durability make it the perfect foundation.
Steel's strength, coupled with the material's overall stability, ensures that the structure can withstand the stresses placed upon it. This stability is necessary in ensuring that the structure remains structurally sound while remaining relatively unaltered. Steel's load-bearing characteristics are also important when designing a structure because the building's structural integrity is directly affected by how well it can resist forces of all kinds. The number one consideration is the integrity of the structure's columns. Steel's tensile strength is second to none; it is literally impossible for any structure to collapse under the weight of the structure's columns. This reliability ensures that steel remains a superior material for multiaxial structures over time.
In addition to strength, another consideration for structural reliability is the multiaxial's strength factor. This term refers to the amount of force a structure can withstand before it buckles. Fiberglass, unlike steel, is not considered to have a strength factor. Although some engineers consider the lack of structural shear to be a liability, other engineers view the lack of shear as a strength enhancer.